The Association of Institutes of Serbia was established as the successor to the Permanent Conference of Scientific and Research Organizations on April 13, 1990. Its legal foundation was provided by Article 4 of the Law on Scientific Research. The Memorandum of Incorporation was signed by 122 representatives of institutes and other R&D organizations.
 
The Director of the Institute of Economic Sciences, Prof. Dr. Tomislav Popović, was elected as the first President of the Association. Prof. Popović served two terms in this role. At the time, the Association was actively involved in the preparation of a new Law on Scientific Research. It advised its members and published bulletins regarding revenue and budget allocations. The Association played a prominent role during the existence of the Republic Science Fund of Serbia, actively cooperating with the Fund’s Council.
 
From late 1999 to 2001, Vice President Dr. Miodrag Stojić of the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences chaired the Association.
 
Following the election of Dr. Zoran Petrović from the Institute of Physics as President, the Association increasingly focused on fulfilling its legal and statutory objectives and strengthening its partnership with the competent ministry for science.
 
Vice President Dr. Bojan Radak of the Vinča Institute represented the Association from mid-2015 until Dr. Duško Blagojević of the Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" was elected President in early 2016.